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Polyester polyol for thermal insulation

Views: 0     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2025-07-10      Origin: Site

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Polyester polyols are key components in the production of polyurethane (PU) foams, which are widely used for thermal insulation in construction, refrigeration, and industrial applications. Here's how polyester polyol contributes to thermal insulation:

1. Role in Polyurethane Foam Insulation

Polyester polyols react with diisocyanates (like MDI or TDI) to form rigid or flexible polyurethane foams. For thermal insulation, rigid PU foams are preferred due to their:

  • Low thermal conductivity (λ ≈ 0.020–0.030 W/m·K)

  • Closed-cell structure, which traps insulating gases (e.g., cyclopentane, CO₂ from blowing agents)

  • High dimensional stability under temperature variations

2. Advantages of Polyester Polyol-Based PU Foam

  • Better thermal stability compared to polyether polyols (higher melting point).

  • Superior mechanical strength (tensile & compressive properties), making them suitable for insulation panels and spray foams.

  • Good adhesion to substrates like metal, wood, and plastics.

  • Flame retardancy (when modified with additives like phosphorus or halogenated compounds).

3. Applications in Thermal Insulation

  • Building & Construction: Insulation panels, sandwich panels, roofing foams.

  • Refrigeration: Insulation for refrigerators, freezers, cold storage.

  • Pipes & Tanks: Insulation for industrial pipelines and LNG tanks.

  • Aerospace & Automotive: Lightweight insulation materials.

4. Comparison with Polyether Polyols

PropertyPolyester Polyol-Based PUPolyether Polyol-Based PU
Thermal Resistance✅ Better (higher Tg)❌ Lower thermal stability
Mechanical Strength✅ Higher rigidity❌ More flexible
Hydrolysis Resistance❌ Sensitive to moisture✅ Better resistance
Cost❌ More expensive✅ Cheaper

5. Key Considerations for Formulation

  • Blowing Agents: Use hydrocarbons (cyclopentane) or HFOs (low GWP) instead of banned CFCs/HCFCs.

  • Flame Retardants: Add phosphates or melamine for fire safety (e.g., ASTM E84 Class 1).

  • Recycled Content: Some polyester polyols can be derived from PET waste (enhancing sustainability).

Conclusion

Polyester polyol-based PU foams offer excellent thermal insulation, mechanical strength, and fire resistance, making them ideal for energy-efficient buildings and industrial applications. However, their moisture sensitivity may require protective coatings in humid environments. For high-performance insulation, they are often preferred over polyether polyols despite the higher cost.


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