Triethylenediamine TEDA

Triethylenediamine (TEDA / DABCO) – Overview

Triethylenediamine (TEDA), also known as 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), is a strong tertiary amine catalyst widely used in polyurethane (PU) foam production and organic synthesis.

Key Properties

• Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂N₂

• Molecular Weight: 112.17 g/mol

• Appearance: White crystalline solid

• Melting Point: 158–160°C

• Boiling Point: 174°C (sublimes)

• Basicity (pKa): ~8.8 (protonated form)

• Solubility:

• Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar solvents

• Insoluble in nonpolar solvents (e.g., hexane)

Applications

1. Polyurethane Foam Production (Primary Use)

• Role: Acts as a gelling catalyst, accelerating the reaction between polyols and isocyanates.

• Foam Types:

• Flexible Foams (mattresses, car seats)

• Rigid Foams (insulation panels)

• Molded Foams (shoe soles, automotive parts)

• Advantages:

• Provides a balanced gelling/blowing effect.

• Improves foam structure (uniform cell size).

2. Organic Synthesis

• Base Catalyst: Used in reactions like the Baylis-Hillman reaction.

• Ligand in Coordination Chemistry: Forms complexes with metals.

• Photopolymerization: Helps initiate UV-curable resins.

3. Other Uses

• Corrosion inhibitor

• Stabilizer in dyes & pigments

• Pharmaceutical intermediates

Commercial Forms of TEDA

Safety & Handling

• Hazards:

• Irritant (skin, eyes, respiratory tract)

• Combustible (dust can form explosive mixtures)

• Protection:

• Use gloves, goggles, and ventilation.

• Store in a cool, dry, sealed container.

Alternatives to TEDA

• Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) – Less active but milder

• Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE) – Strong blowing catalyst

• N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) – For rigid foams